Target 12.A: Support developing countries' scientific and technological capacity for sustainable consumption and production
UN definition: "Support developing countries to strengthen their scientific and technological capacity to move towards more sustainable patterns of consumption and production."
Support for developing countries' capacity for sustainable production - SDG Indicator 12.A.1
Definition: Indicator 12.A.1 is the "amount of support to developing countries on research and development for sustainable consumption and production and environmentally sound technologies".
Goal: "Support developing countries' scientific and technological capacity for sustainable consumption and production" through 2030.
Target 12.B: Develop and implement tools to monitor sustainable tourism
UN definition: "Develop and implement tools to monitor sustainable development impacts for sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products."
Monitoring sustainable tourism - SDG Indicator 12.B.1
Definition: Indicator 12.B.1 is the "number of sustainable tourism strategies or policies and implemented action plans with agreed monitoring and evaluation tools".
Goal: "Develop and implement tools to monitor sustainable development impacts for sustainable tourism" by 2030.
Target 12.C: Remove market distortions that encourage wasteful consumption
UN definition: "Rationalize inefficient fossil-fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption by removing market distortions, in accordance with national circumstances, including by restructuring taxation and phasing out those harmful subsidies, where they exist, to reflect their environmental impacts, taking fully into account the specific needs and conditions of developing countries and minimizing the possible adverse impacts on their development in a manner that protects the poor and the affected communities."
Removing fossil fuel subsidies - SDG Indicator 12.C.1
Definition: Indicator 12.C.1 is the "amount of fossil-fuel subsidies per unit of GDP (production and consumption) and as a proportion of total national expenditure on fossil fuels".
Goal: By 2030 "rationalize inefficient fossil-fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption by removing market distortions, in accordance with national circumstances".
Credits: Main photo by Artem Beliaikin
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