Target 8.4: Improve resource efficiency in consumption and production
UN definition: "Improve progressively, through 2030, global resource efficiency in consumption and production and endeavor to decouple economic growth from environmental degradation, in accordance with the 10‑Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production, with developed countries taking the lead."
Material footprint - SDG Indicator 8.4.1
Definition: Indicator 8.4.1 is "material footprint, material footprint per capita, and material footprint per GDP".
Material Footprint (MF) is the attribution of global material extraction to the domestic final demand of a country. The total material footprint is the sum of the material footprint for biomass, fossil fuels, metal ores, and non-metal ores.
Data on material footprints are outdated and unavailable for years following 2010.
Goal: "Improve progressively, through 2030, global resource efficiency in consumption and production and endeavor to decouple economic growth from environmental degradation".
Domestic material consumption - SDG Indicator 8.4.2
Definition: Indicator 8.4.2 is "domestic material consumption, domestic material consumption per capita, and domestic material consumption per GDP".
Material Footprint (MF) is the attribution of global material extraction to the domestic final demand of a country. The total material footprint is the sum of the material footprint for biomass, fossil fuels, metal ores, and non-metal ores.
Domestic Material Consumption (DMC) is a production-side measure that does not account for supply chain inputs or exports, meaning a country could have a lower DMC value if it outsources a large proportion of its materials. Data on material footprints are outdated and unavailable for years following 2010.
Goal: "Improve progressively, through 2030, global resource efficiency in consumption and production and endeavor to decouple economic growth from environmental degradation".
Target 8.5: Full employment and decent work with equal pay
UN definition: "By 2030, achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men, including for young people and persons with disabilities, and equal pay for work of equal value."
Hourly earnings - SDG Indicator 8.5.1
Definition: Indicator 8.5.1 is the "average hourly earnings of female and male employees, by occupation, age, and persons with disabilities".
Average earnings are reported for male and female employees, but not available across countries for further breakdowns.
Goal: "By 2030, achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men, including for young people and persons with disabilities, and equal pay for work of equal value".
Hourly earnings - SDG Indicator 8.5.2
Definition: Indicator 8.5.2 is the "unemployment rate, by sex, age, and persons with disabilities".
The unemployment rate is measured as the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. This is available for the total population, in addition to breakdown by sex.
Goal: "By 2030, achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men, including for young people and persons with disabilities".
