Research and Development (R&D) spending - SDG Indicator 9.5.1
Definition: Indicator 9.5.1 is "research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP".
This indicator measures expenditure on research and development (R&D) activities as a percentage of the total gross domestic product (GDP) of a given country.
Expenditures for research and development are current and capital expenditures (both public and private) on creative work undertaken systematically to increase knowledge, including knowledge of humanity, culture, and society, and the use of knowledge for new applications. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.
Goal: "Enhance scientific research, upgrade the technological capabilities of industrial sectors in all countries, in particular developing countries, including, by 2030, substantially increasing public and private research and development spending".
Researchers per million inhabitants - SDG Indicator 9.5.2
Definition: Indicator 9.5.2 is the number of "researchers (in full-time equivalent) per million inhabitants".
Researchers in R&D are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge, products, processes, methods, or systems and in the management of the projects concerned. Postgraduate Ph.D. students engaged in R&D are included.
Goal: "Enhance scientific research, upgrade the technological capabilities of industrial sectors in all countries, in particular developing countries, including, by 2030, substantially increasing the number of research and development workers per 1 million people".
Target 9.A: Facilitate sustainable infrastructure development for developing countries
UN definition: "Facilitate sustainable and resilient infrastructure development in developing countries through enhanced financial, technological, and technical support to African countries, least developed countries, landlocked developing countries, and small island developing States."
Development assistance for infrastructure - SDG Indicator 9.A.1
Definition: Indicator 9.A.1 is the "total official international support (official development assistance plus other official flows) to infrastructure".
This indicator measures total official development assistance (ODA) from all donors to infrastructure, measured as 2015 a US$ received per recipient country.
Goal: "Facilitate sustainable and resilient infrastructure development in developing countries through enhanced financial, technological and technical support to African countries, least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing States" by 2030.
Target 9.B: Support domestic technology development and industrial diversification
UN definition: "Support domestic technology development, research, and innovation in developing countries, including by ensuring a conducive policy environment for, inter alia, industrial diversification and value addition to commodities."
Medium and high-tech industry - SDG Indicator 9.B.1
Definition: Indicator 9.B.1 is the "proportion of medium and high-tech industry value added in total value-added".
This indicator measures the share of a country's manufacturing value-added which is derived from medium to high-tech industry outputs. Higher values indicate that a country's industrial sector is more focused on high-tech and innovative products.
Goal: "Support domestic technology development, research, and innovation in developing countries, including by ensuring a conducive policy environment for, inter alia, industrial diversification, and value addition to commodities" by 2030.
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