End desertification and land degradation - SDG Indicator 15.3.1
Definition: Indicator 15.3.1 is the "proportion of land that is degraded over the total land area".
Goal: "By 2030, combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, including land affected by desertification, drought, and floods, and strive to achieve a land degradation-neutral world".
Target 15.4: Ensure conservation of mountain ecosystems
UN definition: "By 2030, ensure the conservation of mountain ecosystems, including their biodiversity, in order to enhance their capacity to provide benefits that are essential for sustainable development."
Coverage of important sites for mountain biodiversity - SDG Indicator 15.4.1
Definition: Indicator 15.4.1 is "coverage by protected areas of important sites for mountain biodiversity".
This indicator measures the average share of each important site for mountain biodiversity that is covered by designated protected areas. The indicator does not measure the effectiveness of protected areas in reducing biodiversity loss, which depends on a range of management and enforcement factors.
Goal: "By 2030, ensure the conservation of mountain ecosystems, including their biodiversity".
Coverage of important sites for mountain biodiversity - SDG Indicator 15.4.2
Definition: Indicator 15.4.2 is the "Mountain Green Cover Index".
The Mountain Green Cover Index measures the percentage of mountainous areas covered by some form of green vegetation.
The Green Cover Index measures the changes of the green vegetation in mountain areas - i.e. forest, shrubs, trees, pastureland, cropland, etc. – in order to monitor progress on the mountain target.
This is monitored through very high-resolution multi-temporal images from Google Earth and Bing Maps and Landsat 7 and 8 datasets from Google Earth Engine.
Goal: "By 2030, ensure the conservation of mountain ecosystems, including their biodiversity".
Target 15.5: Protect biodiversity and natural habitats
UN definition: "Take urgent and significant action to reduce the degradation of natural habitats, halt the loss of biodiversity and, by 2020, protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species."
Red List Index - SDG Indicator 15.5.1
Definition: Indicator 15.5.1 is the "Red List Index".
The Red List Index (RLI) defines the conservation status of major species groups, and measures trends in the proportion of species expected to remain extant in the near future without additional conservation action.
An RLI value of 1.0 equates to all species being categorized as 'Least Concern', and hence that none are expected to go extinct in the near future. A value of 0 indicates that all species have gone extinct.
Goal: "By 2030, ensure the conservation of mountain ecosystems, including their biodiversity".
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